Citations in Research | Practical Research : Qualitative

Citations in Research | Practical Research : Qualitative

Why Use Citations?

• Allows readers to cross-reference your sources easily
• Provides consistent format within a discipline
• Gives you credibility as a writer
• Protects you from plagiarism
• Avoiding Plagiarism

Academic honesty and integrity!
Proper citation of your sources can help you avoid plagiarism, which is a serious offense. It may result in anything from failure of the assignment to expulsion from school.

Academic Paper Formats

1. MLA (Modern Language Association) - used in literature, arts management, business and the humanities
2. APA (American Psychological Association) - used in social sciences, such as psychology and education and natural sciences
3. AMA (American Medical Association) - used in biological sciences, such as medicine and health
4. Chicago – commonly used by individuals in the humanities
5. Turabian - designed to be used by college students for any subject

Basics of MLA & APA Citations (Book Example)
MLA

• Name(s) of author(s)
• Work title
• Publication city
• Publisher and year
• Publication medium (i.e. print, web)

APA

• Name(s) of author(s)
• Publication year
• Work title
• Publication city
• Publisher

Citation LocationsSources used to write a paper are acknowledged in two different places within the paper:

1. As in-text citations within the text of the paper
2. In the Reference page at the end of the paper .

3 Ways to Cite within a Text

Paraphrase

MLA: As stated by Johnson and Maiden, the research showed that there was…

APA: As stated in Johnson & Maiden (2003), the research showed that…

Embedded Quotation

MLA: As Johnson and Maiden explained, their “study…classes” (34).

APA: As Johnson & Maiden (2003) explained, their “study…classes” (p. 34).

Direct Quotation

MLA: “…in research classes” (Johnson and Maiden 34).

APA: “…in research classes” (Johnson & Maiden, 2003, p. 34).

Please check out https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ for a complete APA Guidelines.