CREATIVE WRITING (SUMMATIVE TEST LECTURES)
Creative Writing vs.
Technical Writing Academic Writing
The difference between academic writing and
technical writing is in the presentation, audience, and approach.
ØAcademic writing includes paragraphs – usually an introductory
paragraph, paragraphs that develop a thesis (a statement of purpose), and a
concluding paragraph.
Business Writing ØIt deals with the type of writing and style of
documents used by corporations, small business, and organizations. ØA business
writer is conveying information, but with the additional purpose of persuading
the reader to agree with the author by the end of the document.
Professional Writing ØIt refers to written communication commonly used in
the workplace, which includes documents such as résumés, cover letters,
personal statements, emails, and memos.
ØTECHNICAL WRITING is not literature;
it’s neither prose which recounts the fictional tales of characters nor poetry
which expresses deeply felt, universal emotions through similes and metaphors.
Øis neither an expressive essay narrating an occurrence nor an expository essay
analyzing a topic. Øis, not journalism, written to report the news. Instead,
TECHNICAL WRITING is:
—an instructional manual for repairing machinery —a memo listing meeting
agendas —a letter from a vendor to a client —a recommendation report proposing
a new computer system.
SENSORY DETAILS are bits of information that you cull/collect through your five
senses.
Sensory Details are
often used to set the mood of a piece of writing.
Prompts - Is a cue, signal, stimuli, image, reminder…
IMAGERY- refers to the “mental pictures” that readers experience when
reading literature. appeals directly to one or more of the five senses. An
author achieves imagery through the use of words to create visual
representations.
IMAGERY - means to use figurative language to represent objects,
actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.
Examples: It was dark and dim in the forest. The children were screaming and
shouting in the fields.
There are five (5)
types of imagery:
Visual – what you see
Auditory – what you
hear
Kinesthetic – what you
feel
Olfactory – what you
smell
Gustatory – what you
taste
FIGURE OF SPEECH is a
rhetorical device that achieves a special effect by using words in distinctive
ways. Though there are hundreds of figures of speech, here we'll focus on
just 20 of the most common ones.
The repetition of an
initial consonant sound.
Example: She sells seashells
by the seashore.
The repetition of the
same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses.
Example:
Unfortunately, I was in the wrong place at the wrong time on the wrong
day.
Example: As Abraham
Lincoln said, "Folks who have no vices have very few virtues."
Directly addressing a
nonexistent person or an inanimate object as though it were a living being.
Example: "Oh, you
stupid car, you never work when I need you to," Bert sighed.
Identity or similarity
in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words.
Example: How now,
brown cow?
A verbal pattern in which
the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the
parts reversed.
Example: The famous
chef said people should live to eat, not eat to live.
The substitution of an
inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit. Example:
"We're teaching our toddler how to go potty," Bob said.
An extravagant
statement; the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or
heightened effect.
Example: I have a ton
of things to do when I get home.
The use of words to
convey the opposite of their literal meaning. Also, a statement or
situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation
of the idea.
Example: "Oh, I
love spending big bucks," said my dad, a notorious penny pincher.
- A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an
affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.
Example: A million
dollars is no small chunk of change.
An implied comparison
between two dissimilar things that have something in common.
Example: The tornado
loomed like Godzilla in the distance.
A figure of speech in
a word or phrase is substituted for another with which it's closely associated;
also, the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring
to things around it.
Example: "That
stuffed suit with the briefcase is a poor excuse for a salesman," the
manager said angrily.
The use of words that
imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.
Example: The clap of
thunder went bang and scared my poor dog.
A figure of speech in
which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side.
Example: I am as
graceful as a bull in a china shop when I dance.
A statement that appears
to contradict itself.
Example: "This is
the beginning of the end," said Eeyore, always the pessimist.
A figure of speech in
which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or
abilities.
Example: That kitchen
knife will take a bite out of your hand if you don't handle it safely.
A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same
word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words.
Example: Jessie looked
up from her breakfast and said, "A boiled egg every morning is hard to
beat."
= A stated comparison (usually formed with "like" or
"as") between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain
qualities in common.
Example: Roberto was
white as a sheet after he walked out of the horror movie.
- A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole.
Example: Tina is
learning her ABC's in preschool.
A figure of speech in
which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or
serious than it is.
Example: "You
could say Babe Ruth was a decent ballplayer," the reporter said with a
wink.
DICTION - The Choice
of Words, USE OF WORDS AND PHRASES IN SPEECH OR IN WRITING.
TYPES OF DICTION
1.
Slang refers to a group of recently coined
words often used in informal situations; develops from the attempt to find
fresh, colorful, exaggerated, or humorous expressions. Ex. Emo, frenemy, my
bad, awesomity, greycation, bromance
2. Vulgarity is language deficient in taste and
refinement; coarse, base (any swear word). Example: “I am preparing a bomb, which will blow the old
goat higher than hell” (Catbird Seat; Thurber, 5).
3. Colloquial expressions are nonstandard, often regional,
ways of using language appropriate to informal or conversational speech and
writing. Ex. Anyhow, gotcha, gramps, stats, info, guys,
kid
4. Jargon
consists of words and expressions characteristic of a particular profession, or
pursuit. Ex. gigabyte, logic board, CPU, LCD = computer jargon
5. Dialect is a
nonstandard subgroup of a language with its own vocabulary and grammatical
features. Ex. Philippine English as dialect of English language
6. Cliché is figurative language used so often
that it has lost its freshness and originality.
Ex. Beauty is useless but character is the
best.
Honesty is the best policy. No man is an island. Time is gold. Love is
like a rosary that is full of mystery.
7. Concrete diction
consists of specific words that describe physical qualities or conditions. Ex.
spoon, table, velvet eye patch, nose ring, sinus mask, green, hot,
walking
8. Abstract diction
refers to language that denotes ideas, emotions, conditions or concepts that
are intangible. Ex. love, success,
freedom, good, moral, democracy, chauvinism, Communism, feminism, racism,
sexism.
9.
General
refers to groups. Ex. Furniture, people, institutions,
houses
10. Specific refers to individuals.
Ex. Rocking chair, Filipinos, APA hospital,
nipa hut
11. Denotation
is the exact, literal definition of a word independent of any emotional
association or secondary meaning.
Ex. snake (reptile), love (infatuation,
adoration)
12.
Connotation is the implicit rather than explicit meaning of a word and
consists of the suggestions, associations, and emotional overtones attached to
a word. Ex. Snake (evil), love (red)
POETRY - A form of
art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities with or
without its apparent meaning. Poetry is not prose. Prose is the ordinary
language people use in speaking or writing. Poetry is a form of literary
expression that captures intense experiences or creative perceptions of the
world in a musical language.
POETRY CHARACTERISTICS
1. Express creative
thoughts in much briefer way than short story
2. Uses special elements
3. Has a musical quality
4. Has a unique
structure/form
5. Express intense
personal emotions & experience
6. The content shows
universal truth in connotation
7. Does not use everyday
language
POETRY
ELEMENTS:
1.
THEME
-
Summarized
statement containing the thought or the meaning of the poem.
-
What
is the message the poem tries to express?
2.
TONE
-
Refers
to the *Mood of the poem. The overall atmosphere of the poem which influences
the emotional response of the reader.
-
Mood
is the atmosphere, or emotion, in the poem created by the poet.
-
Can
be happy, angry, silly, sad, excited, fearful or thoughtful.
3.
Rhythm
- the flow of the beat in a poem.
-
Gives
poetry a musical feel.
-
Can
be fast or slow, depending on mood and subject of poem.
4.
Sound
-
Rhyme
-
Repetition
-
Alliteration
-
Onomatopoeia
A.
Rhymes
are words that end with the same sound. (Hat, cat and bat
rhyme.)
-
Rhyming
sounds don’t have to be spelled the same way. (Cloud and allowed rhyme.)
TYPES OF
RHYMES
1. TRUE
RHYME – RHYME THAT OCCURS ON THE WORDS
2. INTERNAL
RHYME – OCCURS WITHIN THE LINE
3. OFF RHYME
OR SLANT RHYME – NOT A TRUE RHYME BUT THE SOUND OF THE WORDS ARE ALIKE
RHYMING
PATTERNS
AABB – lines
1 & 2 rhyme and lines 3 & 4 rhyme
ABAB – lines
1 & 3 rhyme and lines 2 & 4 rhyme
ABBA – lines
1 & 4 rhyme and lines 2 & 3 rhyme
ABCB – lines
2 & 4 rhyme and lines 1 & 3 do not
rhyme
B.
Repetition
- occurs when poets repeat words, phrases, or lines in a poem.
-
Creates
a pattern.
-
Increases
rhythm.
C. Alliteration
- Alliteration is the repetition of the
first consonant sound in words, as in the nursery rhyme “Peter Piper picked a
peck of pickled peppers.”
D. ONOMATOPOEIA - Words that represent
the actual sound of something are words of onomatopoeia. Dogs “bark,” cats “purr,”
thunder “booms,” rain “drips,” and the clock “ticks.”
5.
IMAGERY
Ø Figures of Speech – are tools that
writers use to create images, or “paint pictures,” in your mind.
Similes,
metaphors, and personification are three figures of speech that create imagery.
-
SIMILE
- compares two things using the words “like” or “as.”
Comparing
one thing to another creates a vivid image.
-
METAPHOR
- compares two things without using the words “like” or “as.” Gives the
qualities of one thing to something that is quite different.
-
PERSONIFICATION
– gives human traits and feelings to things that are not human – like animals
or objects.
THREE GENRES OF POETRY
The great
philosopher Aristotle suggested that poetry is divided into three genres: comedy, tragedy and
epic. But today POEM has 3 types
|
TYPE
|
CHARACTERISTICS
|
SAMPLE FORMS
|
|
1.
DESCRIPTIVE
|
Focuses on details
|
Didactic poem
|
|
2.
NARRATIVE
|
Tells a story
|
Epic, ballad
|
|
3.
LYRIC
|
Expresses the feelings and thoughts of
the poet
|
Ode, sonnet, dramatic, monolog
|
FORMS OF POETRY
Couplet
Tercet
Acrostic
Cinquain
Tanaga
Diona
Haiku
Senryu
Concrete
Poem
Free Verse
Limerick
LINES AND STANZAS
Most poems
are written in lines.
A group of
lines in a poem is called a stanza.
Stanzas
separate ideas in a poem. They act like
paragraphs.
This poem
has two stanzas.
Couplet
A couplet is
a poem, or stanza in a poem, written in two lines.
Usually
rhymes.
Tercet
A tercet is
a poem, or stanza, written in three lines.
Usually
rhymes.
Lines 1 and
2 can rhyme; lines 1 and 3 can rhyme; sometimes all 3 lines rhyme.
Quatrain
A quatrain
is a poem, or stanza, written in four lines.
The quatrain
is the most common form of stanza used in poetry.
Usually
rhymes.
Can be
written in variety of rhyming patterns.
Traditional Cinquain
A cinquain is a poem written in
five lines that do not rhyme.
Traditional cinquain has five lines
containing 22 syllables in the following pattern:
Line 1 – 2 syllables
Line 2 – 4 syllables
Line 3 – 6 syllables
Line 4 – 8 syllables
Line 5 – 2 syllables
Word-Count
Cinquain
Word-count
cinquain for younger students uses the following pattern:
Line 1: One
word (title)
Line 2: Two
words (describe the
title)
Line 3:
Three words (describe an
action)
Line 4: Four
words (describe a
feeling)
Line 5: One
word (another word for
title)
Tanaga
Haiku equivalent from the Philippines
consisting of four lines with each line equally
having between seven and nine syllables.
mostly written in Tagalog
Diamante
A diamante
is a seven-line poem written in the shape of a diamond.
Does not
rhyme.
Follows
pattern.
Can use
synonyms or antonyms.
Synonym
Diamante
Monsters
Creepy, sinister,
Hiding, lurking, stalking,
Vampires, mummies, werewolves and more –
Chasing, pouncing eating,
Hungry, scary,
Creatures
Antonym
Diamante
Day
Bright, sunny,
Laughing, playing, doing,
Up in the
east, down in the west –
Talking, resting, sleeping,
Quiet, dark,
Night
Limerick
A
limerick is a funny poem of 5 lines.
Lines 1,
2 & 5 rhyme.7-10 syllables
Lines 3
& 4 are shorter and rhyme. 5-7 syllables
Line 5
refers to line 1.
Limericks
are a kind of nonsense poem.
Diona
katutubong anyo ng tula
binubuo ng pitong pantig kada taludtod, tatlong
taludtod kada saknong at may isahang tugmaan.
Haiku
A haiku is a
Japanese poem with 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables. (Total of 17 syllables.)
Does not
rhyme.
Is about an
aspect of nature or the seasons.
Captures a
moment in time.
Senryu
A senryu
follows same pattern as haiku.
Written in 3
unrhymed lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables, with total of 17 syllables.
Is about
human nature, rather than natural world.
Concrete Poem
A concrete
poem (also called shape poem) is written in the shape of its subject.
The way the
words are arranged is as important what they mean.
Does not
have to rhyme.
Free Verse
does not
use rhyme or patterns.
Can vary
freely in length of lines, stanzas, and subject.
Revenge
When I find out
who took
the last cooky
who took
the last cooky
out of the jar
and left
me a bunch of
and left
me a bunch of
stale old messy
crumbs, I'm
going to take
crumbs, I'm
going to take
me a handful
and crumb
up someone's bed.
and crumb
up someone's bed.
Acrostic
In an
acrostic poem the first letter or last letter of each line, read down the page,
spells the subject of the poem.
Type of
free verse poem.
Does not
usually rhyme.
READ Acrostic
R eading
and exploring new worlds.
E xciting
new conflicts
A nd Page
turning cliffhangers.
D rop
everything and grab a book.
PERSUASION
P atience
helps us achieve our dreams but
E vading life's risks we hide in our fears.
R eaching out for the stars however,
S uccesses give us more courage and faith.
U nderstanding life's lessons will give us wisdom and
A ll of life can become more magical.
S taying focused increases our strength and
I ntents become our passions to live but not
O pening closed doors of opportunity we
N ever achieve any miracles in our life.
E vading life's risks we hide in our fears.
R eaching out for the stars however,
S uccesses give us more courage and faith.
U nderstanding life's lessons will give us wisdom and
A ll of life can become more magical.
S taying focused increases our strength and
I ntents become our passions to live but not
O pening closed doors of opportunity we
N ever achieve any miracles in our life.
Acrostic Samples:
Nice
Everlasting
Love
Shown
Openly by
Nightwalker
No one
Ever
Love
impeccably
Someone
like me
Openly
factual and
Notable,
but God.
Never
Ever
Lose
Someone
Only
Nostalgia
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
***Make a
short acrostic poem of your name.
-
Presentation of output.
AGREEMENT:
1. Make
an acrostic poem about the words: EDUCATION and ENGLISH. Compile these to your
journal.
***Start
crafting your personalize journal entitled:
MY
PERSONAL COMPENDIUM OF POEMS IN DIFFERENT FORMS
(regular
notebook size)
To be
submitted on December 16, 2016.
Nonsense Poems
A
nonsense poem is a humorous poem with silly characters and actions. It is meant
to be fun.
Can be
written as a limerick or as another form of poetry.
Word Play
Some
poets use a special kind of word play by making up words or misspelling them on
purpose.
ENJAMBMENTS
refer to
lines that end without punctuation and without completing a sentence or
clause.
the running
on of a thought beyond a line or stanza without a syntactical
break.
POEM WITH
ENJAMBMENT SAMPLE
They
stretched their beloved lord in his boat,
Laid out by the mast, amidships,
The great ring-giver. Far-fetched treasures
Were piled upon him, and precious gear.
I never heard before of a ship so well furbished
With battle tackle, bladed weapons
And coats of mail. The massed treasure
Was loaded on top of him: it would travel far
On out into the ocean’s sway.
Laid out by the mast, amidships,
The great ring-giver. Far-fetched treasures
Were piled upon him, and precious gear.
I never heard before of a ship so well furbished
With battle tackle, bladed weapons
And coats of mail. The massed treasure
Was loaded on top of him: it would travel far
On out into the ocean’s sway.
POEM WITH
ENJAMBMENT SAMPLE
HAMLET: To
be, or not to be- that is the question:
Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them. To die- to sleep-
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to. ‘Tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish’d. To die- to sleep.
To sleep- perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub!
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause. There’s the respect
That makes calamity of so long life.
Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them. To die- to sleep-
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to. ‘Tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish’d. To die- to sleep.
To sleep- perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub!
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause. There’s the respect
That makes calamity of so long life.
Voice
Poet as
speaker (slides 47-49)
Human
character in poem as speaker (slide 50)
Object or
animal as speaker (slides 51-52)
More than
one speaker (slides 53-54)
Voice: Poet as Speaker
Who has
seen the wind?
Neither I nor you:
But when
the leaves hang trembling
The wind is passing thro’.
For the real G12 students only.
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